Solar Panel
Solar panels, also known as PV panels, convert sunlight into direct current and determine the output of a photovoltaic system. The panels here range from 300 to 500 watts and are sourced from JA Solar, Trina Solar, Aiko, Solitek and TCL, almost all of which are of the glass-glass construction.
Power output and dimensions
Most modules have 108 or 144 half-cells and measure around 1.76 × 1.13 m, i.e. approximately 2 m² per module. In this format, the power output ranges from 415 to 470 W; the difference lies in the efficiency, which here ranges between 20.8 and 23.6 per cent. Outliers in terms of size are the JA Solar JAM60D41 with 500 W and a length of 1,953 mm, and the Solitek ‘Solid’ with 370 W and 60 full cells.
| Manufacturer | Series | Power | Design |
|---|---|---|---|
| JA Solar | JAM54D40, JAM60D41 | 455 to 500 W | Glass-glass, partly bifacial |
| Trina Solar | Vertex S, Vertex S+ | 415 to 470 W | Glass-film (415 W) or glass-glass |
| Aiko | Neostar 2S+ | 450 and 470 W | Glass-glass, Full Black |
| Solitek | Blackstar, Solid, Solid Agro | 300 to 435 W | Glass-glass, bifacial, partly frameless |
| TCL | T-Class | 450 W | Glass-on-glass, bifacial, Full Black |
Higher power per module means: fewer modules for the same system size, fewer mounting points and fewer connectors. Voltage and current are also important for planning, as they must match the inverter’s input specifications. Both values are listed in each module’s data sheet.
Glass-glass or glass-film
In glass-on-glass modules, the cells are sandwiched between two sheets of glass rather than between glass and a plastic film. The module absorbs less moisture and is more mechanically robust. In terms of weight, the two designs in the range are very similar: the 2 m² glass-on-glass modules weigh between 21 and 25 kg, whilst the Trina Vertex S – the only glass-on-film module – weighs 21.8 kg. The frameless Solitek modules and the ‘Solid’ with 370 W weigh between 32 and 33 kg. This weight must be taken into account when calculating the structural load-bearing capacity of the roof and substructure.
Bifacial, cell technology and temperature
Bifacial modules also absorb light from the rear, such as that reflected from a light-coloured surface. This boosts yield for modules mounted on stands, on flat roofs with light-coloured surfaces, on fences and balcony railings, but hardly at all on a pitched roof where the module lies close to the tiles. The range includes bifacial modules from JA Solar (455 and 500 W), Solitek, TCL and Trina (Vertex S+ 440 W).
The cells are monocrystalline, N-type or manufactured using TOPCon technology. The temperature coefficient indicates the extent to which a module’s performance degrades in the heat: for the modules listed here, where the value is specified in the product data, it ranges between −0.26 and −0.36 per cent per degree above 25 °C.
Appearance: Frame and rear side
All framed modules have a black frame. In the case of full-black modules, the rear side is also dark, giving the module the appearance of a solid, unbroken surface; this applies to the Aiko, TCL, the JA Solar (500 W), the Solitek Blackstar and two Trina modules. With a white back, the gaps between the cells remain visible. The frameless models are the Solitek Solid (435 W) and the Solitek Solid Agro (300 W). The Agro module has only 64 cells instead of 108, whilst covering almost the same area as the 435 W Solid model, and features a transparent back; its efficiency is 14.88 per cent.
Warranty, origin and delivery
Most manufacturers offer a 25-year product warranty, whilst Solitek offers 30 years; the power output warranty is usually 30 years. The exact details are specified for each module. Production takes place predominantly in China, whilst the Solitek modules are manufactured in Lithuania. The junction boxes have a IP68 protection rating, and connectors from the MC4 family are fitted. According to the product data, there are usually 36 modules per pallet; a full pallet of the Solitek Solid 435 W is currently available in the shop, comprising 25 units.
What’s included with the modules
A module on its own does not feed usable electricity into the grid. You’ll also need an inverter, the roof mounting structure and solar cables. If you don’t want to plan everything individually, you can opt for a complete PV kit; for small areas, a balcony power plant is a good option. Modules from individual manufacturers are listed collectively at JA Solar modules, Trina Solar modules and Aiko solar panels.
For photovoltaic systems and their essential components, no value added tax is charged where the conditions of Section 12 (3) of the German VAT Act (UStG) are met. You state during the ordering process whether they apply to you.
Frequently asked questions about solar panels
What is the power output of the solar panels?
Between 300 and 500 W. In the standard size of around 1.76 × 1.13 m, they range from 415 to 470 W.
How big and heavy is a solar panel?
Most measure around 1.76 × 1.13 m and weigh between 21 and 25 kg. The 500 W JA Solar is 1,953 mm long, whilst the frameless Solitek modules weigh between 32 and 33 kg.
Which is better, glass-on-glass or glass-on-film?
Glass-on-glass modules are more resistant to moisture and mechanical stress. The only module in the range built as a glass-on-film module is the 415 W Trina Vertex S; at 21.8 kg, it weighs about the same as glass-on-glass modules of the same size.
When is a bifacial module worthwhile?
When light reaches the rear side: on ground-mounted systems, on light-coloured flat roofs, and on railings and fences. On a densely packed pitched roof, the rear side yields hardly any energy.
Which modules are suitable for a balcony power plant?
Technically, any module whose voltage matches that of the inverter. The ready-made balcony power plant kits contain modules from JA Solar, Trina and Solitek.
Is VAT payable when purchasing solar panels?
For photovoltaic systems and their essential components, no value added tax is charged where the conditions of Section 12 (3) of the German VAT Act (UStG) are met. You state during the ordering process whether they apply to you.